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勃朗宁夫人诗10首

英国星期一诗社 2024-01-10

伊丽莎白·芭蕾特·布朗宁（Elizabeth Barrett Browning），又称勃朗宁夫人或白朗宁夫人，是英国维多利亚时代最受人尊敬的诗人之一。生于1806年3月6日。15岁时，不幸骑马跌损了脊椎。从此，下肢瘫痪达24年。在她39岁那年，结识了小她6岁的诗人罗伯特·勃朗宁，她那充满着哀怨的生命从此打开了新的一章。她的作品涉及广泛的议题和思想，对艾米丽·狄金森，艾伦·坡等人都有影响。

从1822年开始，伊丽莎白·芭蕾特的兴趣越来越倾向于古典学派和文学方面。巴雷特先生在19世纪30年代初所受到的经济损失，迫使他卖掉了他的庄园“希望之果”，尽管他们的家庭还不算贫穷，可是在1832年到1837年间，他们的家庭迁移了3次，最后于1838年落脚于伦敦的温坡街的50号，在1838年，伊丽莎白·芭蕾特所写的《天使和其他诗歌》第一次披露了以她自己的名字发表的、比较成熟的诗篇。同年，她因健康原因，促使她搬到德文郡海滨的托基。她由最喜欢的兄弟爱德华所陪同，可是就在那一年爱德华因溺水而死使她精神上受到了极大的打击，以致有好几个月只得沮丧地躺在床上。以后，她的健康就永远没有完全恢复过来。当她回到温坡街的时候，她已经变成一个残疾者和隐士，在病床上渡过了以后5年中的大多数的时间，她所接触到的人除了她的近亲以外只有一、二个人。在这些同她接触的人中，有一个富有和欢乐的艺术朋友，名叫约翰·凯尼恩。由于伊丽莎白在1844年所写的诗使她成为英国大陆上最受欢迎的作家之一，这样就鼓励了罗伯特·布朗宁写信给她，告诉她，他是多么喜欢她的诗歌。于是约翰·凯尼恩安排罗伯特·布朗宁于1845年5月份去看望她，由此打开了文学史上最享盛名的求爱的一页。伊丽莎白·芭蕾特比罗伯特布朗宁年长6岁，而且还是个残废，她几乎不能相信这个精力旺盛和有世俗观念的罗伯特·布朗宁会真正像他公开所宣称的那样地去爱着她，她的这种怀疑在她以后二年中所写的：《葡萄牙人的十四行诗集》中表达了出来。

Among all female poets of the English-speaking world in the 19th century, none was held in higher critical esteem or was more admired for the independence and courage of her views than Elizabeth Barrett Browning. During the years of her marriage to Robert Browning, her literary reputation far surpassed that of her poet-husband; when visitors came to their home in Florence, she was invariably the greater attraction. She had a wide following among cultured readers in England and in the United States. An example of the reach of her fame may be seen in the influence she had upon the reclusive poet who lived in the rural college town of Amherst, Massachusetts. A framed portrait of Barrett Browning hung in the bedroom of Emily Dickinson, whose life had been transfigured by the poetry of “that Foreign Lady.” From the time when she had first become acquainted with Barrett Browning’s writings, Dickinson had ecstatically admired her as a poet and as a woman who had achieved such a rich fulfillment in her life. So highly regarded had she become by 1850, the year of Wordsworth’s death, that she was prominently mentioned as a possible successor to the poet laureateship. Her humane and liberal point of view manifests itself in her poems aimed at redressing many forms of social injustice, such as the slave trade in America, the labor of children in the mines and the mills of England, the oppression of the Italian people by the Austrians, and the restrictions forced upon women in 19th-century society.

Elizabeth Barrett was extremely fortunate in the circumstances of her family background and the environment in which she spent her youth. Her father, whose wealth was derived from extensive sugar plantations in Jamaica, was the proprietor of “Hope End,” an estate of almost 500 acres in Herefordshire, between the market town of Ledbury and the Malvern Hills. In this peaceful setting, with its farmers’ cottages, gardens, woodlands, ponds, carriage roads, and mansion “adapted for the accommodation of a nobleman or family of the first distinction,” Elizabeth—known by the nickname “Ba"—at first lived the kind of life that might be expected for the daughter of a wealthy country squire. She rode her pony in the lanes around the Barrett estate, went with her brothers and sisters for walks and picnics in the countryside, visited other county families to drink tea, accepted visits in return, and participated with her brothers and sisters in homemade theatrical productions. But, unlike her two sisters and eight brothers, she immersed herself in the world of books as often as she could get away from the social rituals of her family. “Books and dreams were what I lived in and domestic life only seemed to buzz gently around, like bees about the grass,” she said many years later. Having begun to compose verses at the age of four, two years later she received from her father for “some lines on virtue penned with great care” a ten-shilling note enclosed in a letter addressed to “the Poet-Laureate of Hope End."

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